Overcoming this challenge requires extremely powerful HVAC systems – so powerful in fact that, on average, air-conditioning systems account for 35% of a data centre’s total electricity consumption. This staggering figure reveals what an important role indoor air plays inside these facilities, in terms of both temperature and humidity.

Living organisms require certain conditions to survive. The same goes for servers: the indoor air quality, or IAQ, has to be just right to keep them healthy and performing reliably. And maintaining this IAQ within the right range requires advanced HVAC technology and monitoring equipment embedded within the system itself.

What measurement instruments are needed for data centres?

In a server room, even the slightest deviation from the prescribed climate conditions can cause millions of dollars’ worth of damage. Overheating can destroy delicate and costly components such as the CPU, GPU and hard drives. In the worst cases, it can even start a fire. And even minor technical problems lead to downtime, which erodes both the centre’s profitability and customers’ trust.

For these reasons, data centres need to be kept under close watch around the clock – a process that requires state-of-the-art HVAC measurement instruments. So here, we look at the devices involved and explain what parameters need to be measured:

• Air flow rate and velocity:
  • These parameters are measured throughout a data centre. The aim is to make sure that air continues to circulate properly through the facility’s ventilation system, as well as in the server room itself, through the cool air inlets and hot air outlets, and inside the rack units.
  • Various instruments can be used to measure these parameters. In most cases, permanent monitoring is performed by connected fixed transmitters, some of which are multifunction, and include a hotwire thermo-anemometer. A pressure sensor (manometer) coupled to a Pitot tube or to DEBIMO blades is another ultra-reliable solution for ventilation system pipes.
  • For one-off measurements taken during system health checks, engineers use portable instruments such as hotwire or vane thermo-anemometers and multifunction devices like the AMI 310. And perhaps the most important of all is the DBM 620 air flow meter, which is essential for calculating the actual air change rate in system-critical locations.

• Temperature, humidity and dew point:
  • Monitoring temperature is, of course, vital for preventing damage to server equipment. But it’s also a helpful way to calculate the real-world efficiency of the cooling system, by comparing its performance against how much electricity it uses. Various options are available, from multifunction fixed-position transmitters to data loggers like those in the TrackLog range, which are designed for use in even the most demanding conditions, including inside electrical and UPS rooms.
  • As we explain in our blog article on actively cooled electric battery clusters, hotwire thermo-anemometers are especially useful because as well as providing accurate temperature readings, they also measure air velocity (and, by extension, air flow rate if required).
  • Thermo-hygrometers remain the best type of device for this particular application: because they measure both temperature and hygrometry (relative humidity), they can be used to calculate the dew point. These parameters are vitally important for data centres, where the air has to be humidified to keep its moisture content within the optimal range. If the air is too dry, it can cause electrostatic discharge. And if it’s too humid, oxidation can occur, shortening the lifespan of system components.
  • Thermocouple thermometers are typically used to measure the critical temperatures of the hottest server components: the power supply units, processors, hard drives and heat sinks. They’re also used to monitor superheat and sub-cooling of the refrigerant circuit in Computer Room Air Conditioning (CRAC) units to make sure the units are operating correctly.